class |
common name (brand name, street jargon) |
origin |
how taken |
average amount taken |
duration effect |
medical uses
|
US scheduled |
incidence of abuses |
dependence liability |
main neuromediator |
dopamine (reward) activator |
hypersensibility to dopamine |
opiates activation |
tolerance |
physical dependence |
psycho- logical depen- dence |
Narcotic activate G protein– coupled receptors |
Heroin (“junk,” “H,” “smack”) |
synthetic from morphine |
injected IV IM, sniffed, oral, smoked |
2-3 mg 5mg IM = 10mg oral = 15mg morphin oral |
3-5 hours half life: 1 hour lipophylic |
none in U.S. analgesic in some countries 5-10mg each 4 hours |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
very high |
very high |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
+++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
++++ |
increasing risk of overdosis |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Codeine
|
opium poppy |
swallowed; injected |
cough: 5-20 mg pain: 30-60 mg
|
4-6 hours |
Cough suppressant: for mild to moderate pain 7x less potent/morphin |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
moderate
|
moderate |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
+++ |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
codeine codeine pro-drug turn to morphine |
synthetic |
swallowed |
30-60 mg |
3-5 hours |
For moderate pain muscle relaxant |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable with common |
high |
moderate
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
++ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Morphine Opium as or tincture, converted to active metabolite |
opium poppy |
injected; sniffed; sometimes swallowed |
injected: 5-20 mg oral: 10-30 mg |
4-8 hours half-life 3 hours |
For severe pain high fixing in medula (post.horn), brain stem mesecephalon |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
high |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
+++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
++++ |
yes high |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Paregoric
|
opium poppy |
swallowed moked |
6 mg or 0.6 ml |
1-8 hours |
For diarrhea (as opium tincture and paregoric) |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable with common |
low |
low
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
++++ |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Meperidine
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
abuse: 200-300 mg medical: 75-150 mg |
2-4 hours |
For severe pain |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
high |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
++ (desinhibition) |
++ |
+++? |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Methadone (“dolly”), no active metabolite
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected IV, IM |
abuse: over 150mg medical: 5-15 mg (pain) 50-100 (addiction therapy) |
12-24 hours half life > 24hours |
Long-lasting analgesic; treatment of addiction |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
moderate
|
moderate
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
++ (desinhibition)
|
++ |
+++? |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
LAAM
|
synthetic |
swallowed |
60-100 mg |
48-72 hours |
Treatment of addiction |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
moderate
|
low
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
?+ (desinhibition) |
++ |
+++? |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Hydromorphone
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected; rectal suppository |
1-4 mg |
4-5 hours |
For severe pain |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
very high |
high |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
?+ (desinhibition) |
++ |
+++? |
yes |
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Pentazocine
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
50-100 mg (30 injected) |
3-4 hours |
For chronic or severe pain oral form prohibited often mixed with antagonist: naloxone |
iv |
moderate |
moderate
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
+ (desinhibition) |
|
+++ |
|
intermediate |
intermediate |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Fentanyl
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected; epidural transdermal patches
|
oral: 0.2mg-0.4 mg injected: 50-200mg 0.025-0.1 mg/hr |
1-1.5 hours sustained release |
Analgesi c/anesthetic addict often mixed it with tripelenamine (antihistaminic)
|
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high
|
moderate
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
+ (desinhibition, hallucinogen, less respiratory depression) |
++ |
+++ |
|
high |
high |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Levorphanol |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
2-3 mg |
4-5 hours |
For moderate pain |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
moderate
|
low |
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
?+ (desinhibition) |
|
+++? |
|
|
|
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Hydrocodone (Tussionex, VicodinR)
|
synthetic |
swallowed |
5-10 mg |
4-6 hours |
For moderate to severe pain; cough suppressant |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable with common |
very high
|
high
|
MOR (Gi/o) agonist |
?+ (desinhibition) |
+? |
+++? |
|
moderate |
moderate |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Oxycodone
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
2.25-5 mg (5-15 mg injected) |
4-6 hours |
For moderate to severe pain |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
moderate
|
moderate
|
Unknown
|
?+ (desinhibition) |
+? |
+++? |
|
moderate |
moderate |
Narcotic activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Propoxyphene (DarvonR) |
synthetic |
swallowed |
65-120 mg |
4-6 hours |
For moderate pain |
iv |
low |
low |
Unknown |
(desinhibition) |
|
|
|
moderate |
moderate |
Hypnotic effect look like amphetamines |
Chloral Hydrate (“Mickey Finn”) |
synthetic |
swallowed often with morphin
|
sedat.: 250-500 mg sleep: 500 mg-1 g |
4-6 hours
|
Sleep
|
iv |
low |
high |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
moderate |
moderate |
Hypnotic |
Glutethimide |
synthetic |
swallowed; sometimes injected |
sedat.:125-250mg sleep: 500 mg |
4-6 hours
|
Sleep
|
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
low |
high |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
moderate |
moderate |
Hypnotic |
Meprobamate (Miltown/EquanilR) |
synthetic |
swallowed |
anxiety: 400 mg sleep: 400-800 mg |
3-7 hours |
anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic |
substance i, ii, iii, iv |
low |
high |
Unknown |
|
|
|
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Hypnotic |
Methaqualone |
synthetic |
swallowed |
150 mg |
3-6 hours |
anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
low (formerly moderate) |
moderate
|
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
moderate |
moderate |
Barbiturate |
Pentobarbital sodium (NembutalR) |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected; suppository |
sedation: 20-40 mg sleep: 100-200 mg |
4-6 hours |
hypnotic |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
moderate-high |
GABA Acetylcholine |
|
|
+ |
|
moderate |
moderate |
Barbiturate |
Phenobarbital
|
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
sedation: 15-60 mg epilepsy: 50-100mg sleep: 100-300 mg |
8-16 hours |
hypnotic prevent epileptic seizures |
iv |
moderate |
mode- rate-high
|
GABA Acetylcholine |
|
|
+ |
|
moderate |
high |
Barbiturate |
Secobarbital |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
sleep: 100 mg |
4-6 hours |
hypnotic |
ii |
high |
moderate
|
GABA acetylcholine |
|
|
+ |
|
moderate |
high |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Chlordiazepoxide |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
abuse: 600 mg medical: 5-20 mg (injected 25-100 mg) |
4-8 hours |
Relief of tension; anxiety |
iv |
moderate |
low
|
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
|
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Diazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
abuse: 150 mg medical: 2-10 mg |
4-8 hours |
anxiolytic, sedative, anti-convulsant, hypnotic, myo-elaxant |
(iv) low potential for abuse |
moderate |
n/a |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Alprazolam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
0.25-0.5 mg |
4-8 hours |
hypnotic |
(iv) low potential for abuse |
high |
low |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors& ion channels |
Clorazepate |
synthetic |
swallowed |
15-30 mg |
4-6 hours |
Anxiety |
iv |
moderate |
very high |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
high |
high |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors& ion channels |
Lorazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected |
2-4 mg |
8-16 hours |
anxiety |
iv |
moderate |
very high |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind to ionotropic receptors& ion channels |
Triazolam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
0.25-0.5 mg |
4-6 hours |
sedative; sleep |
iv |
moderate |
none |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
high |
high |
Benzodiazepine bind to ionotropic receptors& ion channels |
Quazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
7.5-15 mg |
8-16 hours |
sleep |
iv |
moderate |
none |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Flunitrazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
1-2 mg |
4-6 hours |
none |
illegal |
very high |
none |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
high |
high |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Clonazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
0.5-2 mg |
4-6 hours |
Anti-epileptic; anti-panic |
iv |
moderate |
none |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Benzodiazepine bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Flurazepam |
synthetic |
swallowed |
15-30 mg |
6-8 hours |
Sedative; sleep |
iv |
moderate |
none |
GABAAR positive modulator serotonine? acetylcholine? |
+/- desinhibition |
? |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Benzedrine |
synthetic |
sniffed, injected |
variable |
2-4hours |
Narcolepsy; attention deficit disorder; obesity |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
high |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Dextroamphetamine (DexedrineR) (Biphetamine) “dexies” |
synthetic |
swallowed injected |
narcoleps20-60 mg attent. deficit: 25-40 abuse: 250-300/d |
2-4hours |
Narcolepsy; attention deficit disorder; obesity |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
high |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Phendimetrazine (Prelu-2R, Adipost R) |
synthetic |
swallowed |
35-70mg |
4-6hours |
Obesity |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable with common |
moderate |
moderate |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Methylphenidate |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
5-60 mg attention deficit hyperactive disorder narcolep.: 20-30mg |
3-5 hours |
attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
moderate-high |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate |
possible |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Methamphetamine (“ice,” “crystal,” “Speed”) |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
5-20 mg |
6-12hours |
attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, weight control |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
high |
moderate-high |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate? |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Benzphetamine |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
25-50 mg |
4 hours |
obesity |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable with common |
moderate |
moderate |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate? |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Phentermine |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
15-40 mg |
12 hours |
obesity |
iv |
low |
low |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate? |
high |
Amphetamines bind biogenic amines transporters |
Fenfluramine |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
20mg |
4 - 6 hours |
withdrawn |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport serotonine increase release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
+ |
yes |
moderate? |
high |
Psychostimulant cathecolaminergic |
Ephedrine Ma huang herb pseudoephedrin, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine |
ephedra bush; or synthetic close to adrenalin |
swallowed |
25-50 mg |
2-3 hours |
nasal decongestant; asthma, appetite suppressant |
n/a |
moderate |
low |
DAT, NET, VMAT reverses transport; serotonine increase: release lower reuptake |
++++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic deplete, excitate |
+++ |
|
|
? |
moderate ? |
Stimulants cocaine bind biogenic amines transporters |
Crack Cocaine Coke, flake, Snow, Crack, |
erythroxylon coca leaves |
smoked; sniffed; injected |
fatal crack: 1.2 g medic:10-200mg/ml 20-30 mg / nostril |
crack less than 1 hour
1-2 hours |
local anesthetic |
(ii) potential for severe physical dependence kept locked & traceable |
very high |
very high |
DAT, SERT, and NET Inhibitor |
++++ blocks DA uptake |
+++ |
++ |
yes |
possible |
high |
Other Stimulants |
Coffee |
coffee bean |
swallowed |
1-2 cups 40-80 mg |
variable |
None |
n/a |
low |
none |
Unknown
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Stimulants |
Tea |
tea leaves |
swallowed |
10-90 mg |
variable |
None |
n/a |
low |
none |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Stimulants |
Theobromine |
cocoa bean |
swallowed |
20-25 mg |
3 hourrs |
None |
n/a |
low |
none |
Endorphins? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Stimulants |
Cola |
cola nut |
swallowed |
20-45 mg |
variable |
None |
n/a |
low |
none |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Stimulants |
No-Doz VivarinR
|
synthetic |
swallowed |
headaches: 30-100 mg stimulation: 100-250 mg |
1 hour |
None (No-Doz headaches) |
n/a |
moderate |
none |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hallucinogen activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Mescaline |
peyote cactus phenylethyl-amine |
swallowed |
300-500 mg 3–12 "buttons" |
7-12 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate-high |
low-none |
5-HT2AR (Gq) partial agonist |
partial agonist |
|
|
possible |
unknown |
unknown |
Hallucinogen |
DOM |
synthetic |
swallowed; injected; smoked |
5-10 mg |
4-8 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate-high |
low-none |
unknown |
|
|
|
possible |
unknown |
unknown |
Hallucinogen activate G protein–coupled receptors |
LSD |
synthetic indole alkylamine |
swallowed; inhaled; injected |
50-400 mg |
6-16 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate-high |
low-none |
5-HT2AR (Gq) partial agonist |
partial agonist |
|
|
yes |
none |
unknown |
Hallucinogen activate G protein–coupled receptors |
Psilocybin |
mushrooms, synthetic, indole alkylamine |
swallowed; sniffed; |
10-40 mg 0.2-0.4%dry matter 5–100 mushrooms, 4–6 mg of psilocybin |
3-7 hours |
None |
substance i, ii, iii |
moderate-high |
low-none |
5-HT2AR (Gq) partial agonist pharm & plant : e.g. datura anticholinergics |
partial agonist |
|
|
yes or possible |
none |
none |
Hallucinogen |
DMT |
synthetic |
swallowed; sniffed; inhaled; injected
|
5-20 mg |
15-60 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate-high |
low-none |
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hallucinogen |
Scopolamine |
belladone deadly nightshade plant synthetic |
swallowed |
0.5mg |
1-2hours |
None |
n/a |
moderate-high |
low-none |
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
gen. anesthesics bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Phencyclidine |
synthetic piperadine derivative
|
s |
5-10 mg
|
days (oral); 4-12 hours (sniffed) |
Veterinary medicine; only as surgical anesthetics |
i (vet use only) |
high-moderate |
unknown |
NMDAR antagonist |
desinhibition |
|
|
|
|
|
gen. anesthesics bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
Ketamine |
synthetic |
sniffed |
1–9 mg |
variable around 1 hour |
Veterinary medicine only as surgical anesthetics |
i (vet use only) |
high-moderate |
unknown |
NMDAR antagonist |
desinhibition |
|
|
|
possible |
high |
inhalants |
solvents |
synthetics |
inhaled |
variable |
15-45 minutes |
None |
n/a |
high |
unknown |
Unknown |
|
|
|
no |
unknown |
high |
inhalants |
amyl and butyl nitrate |
synthetic |
inhaled |
variable |
3-5 minutes
up to 1 hour |
Angina (Amyl) |
n/a |
moderate |
unknown |
Unknown |
|
|
|
no |
unknown |
unknown |
inhalants |
nitrous Oxide laughing gas, balloons |
synthetic |
inhaled |
variable |
5-10 minutes up to half an hour |
Dental anesthesia |
n/a |
high |
unknown |
Unknown |
|
|
|
no |
unknown |
low |
cannabis activ. G protein–coupled receptors |
marijuana Grass, |
cannabis plant |
smoked; swallowed in foods |
4-40 mg of THC/dosis psychosis > 15mg |
1-3 hours |
Unknown |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate |
low |
binds cannabinoid receptor CB1R (Gi/o) agonist |
(desinhibition) |
+/- |
+/- |
yes |
unknown |
moderate |
cannabis activ. G protein–coupled receptors |
hashish hash |
cannabis plant |
smoked; swallowed in foods |
variable |
variable |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate |
low |
binds cannabinoid receptor CB1R (Gi/o) agonist |
+ (desinhibition) |
+/- |
+/- |
yes |
unknown |
moderate |
cannabis activ. G protein–coupled receptors |
TetraHydroCannabinol (MarinolR) |
synthetic |
smoked; swallowed in foods |
5–15 mg |
2-4 hours |
Relief of nausea/ vomiting in cancer therapy |
substance i, product ii |
moderate |
low |
binds cannabinoid receptor CB1R (Gi/o) agonist |
+ (desinhibition) |
+/- |
+/- |
yes |
yes |
moderate |
Beverage |
Alcohol beer
|
grain |
swallowed |
12 oz. |
1 hour |
Pharmaceutical solvent; |
n/a |
very high |
high |
GABAAR, 5-HT3R, nAChR, NMDAR, Kir3 channels |
+ excitattion |
+/- |
++ |
yes |
would be medium |
would be medium |
Beverage |
Alcohol distilled spirits |
grain |
swallowed |
1 1/2 oz. |
1 hour |
prolongs labor |
n/a |
very high |
high |
GABAAR, 5-HT3R, nAChR, NMDAR, Kir3 channels |
+ excitattion |
+/- |
++ |
yes |
high |
high |
Beverage |
Alcohol wine |
fruit |
swallowed |
4 oz. |
1 hour |
|
n/a |
very high |
high |
GABAAR, 5-HT3R, nAChR, NMDAR, Kir3 channels |
+ excitattion |
+/- |
++ |
yes |
cultural practice should self-control |
cultural practice should self-control |
Tobacco bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
nicotine cigarettes, cigars, pipes |
tobacco leaves |
smoked |
15-20 mg (per cigarette) |
variable 1 cig.< 1 hour |
None in humans;animal tranquilizer |
n/a |
very high |
high |
Acetylcholine nAChR (α4β2) agonist |
+ agonist excita-tion, disinhibition, modulates release |
? |
|
|
|
|
Tobacco bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
nicotine snuff |
tobacco leaves |
sniffed |
variable |
variable |
None |
n/a |
moderate |
moderate |
Acetylcholine nAChR (α4β2) agonist
|
+ agonist excita-tion, disinhibition, modulates release |
? |
+/- |
|
|
|
Tobacco bind ionotropic receptors & ion channels |
nicotine chewing tobacco |
tobacco leaves |
chewed; swallowed |
variable |
variable |
None |
n/a |
moderate |
moderate |
Acetylcholine nAChR (α4β2) agonist
|
+ agonist excita-tion, disinhibition, modulates release |
? |
+/- |
|
|
|
Designer Drugs activate G pro-tein–coupled receptors |
Ecstasy XTC, Adam), MDA (Love Drug), MDEA (Eve), MBDB |
synthetic phenyl-ethylamine |
inhaled; smoked |
? 125-175 mg ? 50–200 mg |
4-6 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
high |
5-ht release ? |
SERT > DAT, NET reverses transport |
+++ blocks DA uptake, synaptic depletion |
? |
? |
yes |
none |
moderate |
Designer Drugs activate G pro-tein–coupled receptors |
GHB gamma-hydroxyd-butyrate |
synthetic |
swallowed |
? 5 ml ? |
3-6 hours |
none in U.S., anesthetic |
substance i, product iii |
moderate |
unknown |
GABABR (Gi/o) weak agonist |
weak agonist desinhibition |
? |
? |
yes |
moderate |
moderate |
Designer Drugs |
Nexus |
synthetic |
swallowed |
?10-30 mg ? |
4-8 hours |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate |
unknown |
Unknown (“bromo,” |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Designer Drugs |
Methcathinone |
synthetic |
injected; inhaled |
variable |
variable |
None |
(i) high potential of abuse, no medical use accepted |
moderate |
unknown |
Unknown (“cat”) |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Anabolic steroids |
testosterone |
|
injected |
|
14-28 days |
Hypogonadism |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
unknown |
unknown |
Anabolic steroids
|
Danazol parabolan,winstrol,equipose, anadrol, dianabol, D-Ball primabolin-depo |
synthetic |
swallowed, injected |
100-400 mg |
variable |
Treat wasting diseases (Cancer; AIDS; etc.) Anemia, Breast cancer |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable |
moderate |
none |
Unknown (DanocrineR) |
|
|
|
unknown |
unknown |
yes |
Anabolic steroids |
Stanozolol |
synthetic |
swallowed |
2-4 mg |
variable |
Treat wasting diseases (Cancer; AIDS; etc.) |
(iii) potential moderate low physical depen-dence storable |
moderate |
none |
Unknown (WinstrolR) |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|