Approaches of Objects |
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Systemic approach |
Analytical approach |
Simple or reductive approach |
Complex or wholistic approach |
Rely on interactions between elements |
Isolated: focus on each elements |
Divide to study |
Consider unity of the whole |
Study the effects of interactions |
Study the nature of interactions |
Study the parts (structure and function). |
Examine the meaning of a general utility |
Suggest a global approach |
Propose an approach by details |
Suggest a separate approach |
Proposed trust, autonomy and care (delegation) |
Study simultaneously Groups of variables |
Change one variable at a time |
Experimental, prepared and controlled |
Ethological, empirical and contextual |
Integer time through duration and limits (irreversibility) |
Is independent of duration (reversibility of phenomena) |
According a too much simple scale of time (so as mostly physical and intermediate: not relative nor social) |
Social scale too complicated to well refer to scale. |
Propose a validation of facts comparing models and evidence of processes |
Propose a validation of facts experimenting and deducing theory |
Propose validation of facts by models and data from experiments. |
Propose a theory as a whole and need minimum deduced conditions of accomplishment. |
Ability to detail |
Failure in explaining the whole |
Problems with aggregation and truncation |
False simplification and problems with truth. |
Models can be use for actions and decision |
Models are too precise and detailed then useless for action |
Sums or products are simple (rational, Euclidean or Cartesian) |
Programmings are self-limiting so can be theoretical constructions. |
Approach is efficient when interactions are strong (but non linear and incomplete) |
Efficient when interactions are: linear and/or weak. |
Doing well if complexity is individually assumed, for a common exact goal |
Working well in oriented field systemic use of whatever dynamic that can appear. |
The approach tends to an action with major objectives. |
The approach tend to action programmed by details |
Tend to diversify the objective, not so economic, for to maintain the control and goals. |
Indeterminist, unpredictability |
Knowledge of ends (final state) is precise, that of details is fuzzy |
Knowledge of ends is fuzzy, that of details are essential. |
Ends and means are supposed to be very precise |
Criteria of ends and means are except for being socially positive or moral |
Source:anfm |
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