radiations biology exposure

Biological Effects of Radiations
Use						Severt	Abuse
Localized radiotherapy, cancer induced by radiotherapy						> 10	sacrified tehcnician at Tchernobyl, cutaneous necrosis, death
leukemias & neogenesis						1	thyroid cancers in young population
maximum dosis admitted over 5 years, professional exposure in Europe						0.1	radioactive iode bsorption in case of nuclear accident
maximum dosis admitted over 1 year, professional exposure in Europe						0.05
heavy scan received						0.02	dosis received by Frenchmen after Techernobyl
light scan dosis received						0.01
accepted accidental non professional european overdosis when exposure average medical or radon exposure /person.year						0.001
maximum exposure save accident, neighbours of nuclear plant in France 2 hours in plane at 12kms altitude						0.000001	normal natural irradiation or TV and PC exposure
Maximum permissible dose for occupational exposure						Radionucleides of potential environmental concern produced by nuclear reactors
Combined whole body occupational exposure						radionucleides	Half life	radiation	source
Prospective annual limit rem/year					5	3H	12.3 years	β	Fission product, Neutron activation
Retrospective annual limit rems / year					10 - 15	14C	5568 years	β	Neutron activation
Long term accumulation (age - 18°) * 5 rems						24Na	15 hours	β, γ	Neutron activation
Skin rems / year					15	32P	14 days	β	Neutron activation
Hands rems / year					75	36S	87 days	β	Neutron activation
Foreharms rems / year					30	41Ar	110 minutes	β, γ	Neutron activation
Other organs, tissues and organ systems rems / year					15	45Ca	16 days	β	Neutron activation
Fertile women (respect to fetus) rems / gestation					0.5	54Mn	291 days	γ	Neutron activation
Dose limits for the public or occasinonally exposed subjects						55Fe	2.6 years	x	Neutron activation
Occasionaly exposed individuals rems / year					0.5	59Fe	45 days	β, γ	Neutron activation
Students rems / year					0.1	57Co	270 days	γ	Neutron activation
Population dose limit genetic rems average / year					0.17	58Co	71 days	β, γ	Neutron activation
Population dose limit somatic rems average / year					0.17	60Co	5.2 years	β, γ	Neutron activation
Emergency dose limits - life savings individual rems					100	65Zn	245 days	β, γ	Neutron activation
Emerg. dose limits - life savings hands & forearms rems					200 - < 300	85Kr	10 years	β, γ	Fission product
Emergency dose limits - less urgent individual rems					25	89Sr	51 days	β	Fission product
Emerg. dose limits - less urgent hands & forearms rems					Total < 100	90Sr	28 years	β	Fission product
Family of radioactive patients individual < 45 years old					0.5	91Y	58 days	β, γ	Fission product
Family of radioactive patients individual > 45 years old					5	96Zr	65 days	β, γ	Fission product
Oncogenous effects of low dosis of irradiation for US population						100Ru	40 days	β, γ	Fission product
source	Irradiation (rem:year)		Latency delay	Steady state plateau	Rate of induced cancer	106Ru	1.0 years	β, γ	Fission product
Storer 1969					0.05	129I	1.7 * 10	β, γ	Fission product
Gofman & Tamplin	0.17		5 years (in utero)	20 years	0.031	131I	8.1 days	β, γ	Fission product
BEIR 1972	0.01		None (in utero	10 ans	0.01	134Cs	2 years	β, γ	Fission product
BEIR 1972			2 - 3 years none	10 - 15 ans	0.01	137Cs	27 years	β, γ	Fission product
BEIR 1980	All life			none	0 - 0.07	140Ba	12.8 years	β, γ	Fission product
Britain ionizating irradiations 1991						143Ce	33 hours	β, γ	Fission product
Natural sources total: 1860					ΜSievert/year	144Ce	285 days	β, γ	Fission product
		Cosmic rays			310	147Nd	11 days	β, γ	Fission product
		Rocks radioactivity			380	239Pu	24360 years	α, γ	Neutron activation
		Radon			800	239Np	2.3 days	β, γ	Neutron activation
		Body radioactivity			370	241Am	4770 years	α, γ	Neutron activation
Artificial sources Total: 530		medicine			500	242Cm	163 days	α, γ	Neutron activation
		Nuclear assays			10
		Professional exposure			9
		Others (TV screens...)			8
		Nuclear industry waste			3

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