Pile |
description |
remarks |
cone resist. qc ksf |
soil |
curve |
Drilled Shafts |
|||||
Drilled shaft bored dry |
hole bored dry without slurry applicable to cohesive soil above water table |
tool without teeth, oversize blades, remolded soil on sides |
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
tool with teeth , immediate concrete placement |
> 25 |
Clay silt |
2 |
||
|
> 94 |
Clay silt |
3 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Drilled shaft with slurry |
slurry supports sides concrete placed through tremie from bottom up displacing |
tool without teeth, oversize blades, remolded soil on sides |
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
tool with teeth , immediate concrete placement |
> 25 |
Clay silt |
2 |
||
|
> 94 |
Clay silt |
3 |
||
|
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands & length < 30 m |
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel and length < 30m gravel |
> 156 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
|
> 83 |
Sand gravel |
4 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Drilled shaft with casing |
bored within steel casing, concrete placed as casing retrieved |
|
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
dry holes |
> 25 |
Clay silt |
2 |
||
|
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands & length < 30 m |
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
2 |
||
coarse sand/gravel and length > 30m gravel |
> 157 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
|
> 83 |
Sand gravel |
4 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Drilled shaft hollow auger (auger cast pile) |
hollow stem continuous auger length > shaft length, auger extracted without turning while concrete injected thorough auger stem |
|
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
|
> 25 |
Clay silt |
2 |
||
|
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
sand exhibiting some cohesion |
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
2 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
Pier |
hand excavated sides supported with retaining element or casing |
|
any |
Clay - silt |
1 |
|
>25 |
Clay - silt |
2 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table, immediate concrete placement |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
micropile I |
Drilled with casing diameter < 25cms; casing recovered by applying pressure inside lop pf plugged casing |
|
any |
Clay - silt |
1 |
|
>25 |
Clay - silt |
2 |
||
with load test |
> 25 |
Clay - silt |
3 |
||
|
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands with load test |
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gralvel |
>157 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
|
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
micropile II |
Drilled < 25cms diameter; reinforcing cage placed in hole and concrete placed from bottom-up |
|
any |
Clay - silt |
1 |
|
> 42 |
Clay - silt |
4 |
||
with load test |
> 42 |
Clay - silt |
5 |
||
|
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
5 |
||
|
> 94 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
high pressure injected |
Diameter > 25cms with injection system capable of high pressure |
|
any |
Clay - silt |
1 |
|
> 42 |
Clay - silt |
5 |
||
|
> 104 |
Sand gravel |
5 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
|
> 94 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Driven pipes |
|||||
Screwed-in |
Screw type tool placed in front of corrugated pipe that is pushed or screwed in place, reverse rotation to pull casing while placing concrete |
|
any |
clay-silt |
1 |
qc < 53 ksf |
> 2( |
clay-silt |
2 |
||
slow penetration |
> 94 |
clay-silt |
3 |
||
slow penetration |
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands with load test |
> 73 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
sand gravel |
3 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
qc < 146 ksf without load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
2 |
||
qc < 146 ksf with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table; immediate concrete placement; slowpenetration |
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
above water table with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
concrete coated |
15 - 50cms diameter pipe; H piles,caissons of 2to 4 sheet pile sections; pile driven with oversize protecting shoe; concrete injected through hose near oversize shoe producing coating around pile |
|
any |
clay-silt |
1 |
|
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
||
|
> 157 |
sand gravel |
4 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
|
> 94 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
|
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
prefabricated |
reinforced or prestressed concrete installed by driving or vibrodriving |
|
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
fine sands |
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
>157 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 157 |
Sand gravel |
4 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
qc< 147 ksf without load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
2 |
||
qc< 147 ksf with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Steel |
H piles, pipe piles, any shape obtained by welding sheet-pile sections |
|
any |
Clay silt |
1 |
|
any |
Sand gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands with load test |
> 73 |
Sand gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
Sand gravel |
3 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
qc< 147 ksf without load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
2 |
||
qc< 147 ksf with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
Pre-stressed tube |
hollow cylinder element of lightly reinforced concrete assembled by pre-stressing before driving 1.2 - 2m long 0.6 - 1m diameter 15cm thick, piles driven open ended |
|
any |
Clay-silt |
1 |
|
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
||
with load test |
> 73 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
fine sands with load test |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
4 |
||
|
|
Chalk |
1 |
||
qc< 146 ksf |
> 63 |
Chalk |
2 |
||
with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
concrete plug bottom of pipe |
driving accomplished through bottom concrete plug; casing plug, casing pulled, while lowslump concrete compacted through casing |
|
any |
Clay-silt |
1 |
qc < 42 ksf |
> 25 |
Clay-silt |
3 |
||
fine sands with load test |
> 73 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
|
any |
Chalk |
1 |
||
|
> 94 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
Molded |
Plugged tube driven to final position; tube filled to top with medium slump concrete & tube extracted |
|
any |
Clay-silt |
1 |
with load test |
> 25 |
Clay-silt |
2 |
||
|
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
||
fine sand with load test |
> 73 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
3 |
||
|
|
Chalk |
1 |
||
qc< 157 ksf |
> 63 |
Chalk |
2 |
||
with load test |
> 63 |
Chalk |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 250 |
Chalk |
4 |
||
pushed in concrete |
cylindric element or cast in place; 0.5 - 1.8m long 0.3 - 0.6m dimaeter pushed by hydraulic jack |
|
any |
clay silt |
1 |
|
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
||
fine sands |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
2 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
3 |
||
coarse gravelly sand/gravel with load test |
> 157 |
sand-gravel |
4 |
||
|
any |
chalk |
1 |
||
qc< 157 ksf |
> 63 |
chalk |
2 |
||
with load test |
> 63 |
chalk |
3 |
||
with load test |
> 250 |
chalk |
4 |
||
pushed in steel |
pushed by hydraulic jack |
coarse gravely sand/gravel qc < 157 ksf with load test |
any |
clay silt |
1 |
any |
sand-gravel |
1 |
|||
>157 |
sand-gravel |
3 |
|||
any |
chalk |
1 |
|||
>63 |
chalk |
2 |
|||
>250 |
chalk |
4 |
|||