Air Pollution |
||||||||||
Air pollutant |
Effects |
|||||||||
Particulates |
speeds chemical reactions, obscures viosion, corrodes metals, causes grime on belongings and buildings, aggravates lung illness |
|||||||||
Sulfur oxides |
causes acute and chronic leaf injury; attacks a wide variety of trees, irritates upper respiratory tract; destroys paint pigments; erodes statuary, corrodes metals ruins hoisery, harms textiles, desintegrate book pages & leather |
|||||||||
Hydrocarbons (in solid & gaseous states) |
may be cancer producing, retards plant growth, causes abnormal leaf and bud development |
|||||||||
carbon monoxide |
causes headaches, dizziness and nausea, absorbs into blood, reduce oxygen contents, impairs mental processes |
|||||||||
nitrogen monoxides |
causes visible leaf damage, irritate eyes and nose, stunts plant growth oxygen content, impairs mental processes |
|||||||||
oxidant: ozone |
discolors the upper surface of leaves of many crops, trees and shrubs, damages and fades textiles, reduces athletic performance, hastens cracking of rubber, disturbs lung functions, irritates eyes, nose and throat, induces coughing |
|||||||||
oxidant: peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) |
discolors the lower leaf surface; irritates eyes disturb lung function |
|||||||||
Indoor Outdoors Air Quality Standards (EE.UU) |
||||||||||
Dioxid sulphurous |
80 |
0.03 |
1 year |
365 |
0.14 |
24h |
||||
total particles |
75 |
|
1 year |
260 |
- |
24h |
||||
Carbon monooxid |
|
|
|
40000 |
35 |
1h |
||||
oxidant (ozone) |
|
|
|
10000 |
9 |
8h |
||||
Nitrogen dioxid |
100 |
0.05 |
1 year |
235 |
0.12 |
1h |
||||
Lead |
1.5 |
|
3 monthes |
|
|
|
||||
|
micro grams/ m3 |
p.p.m. |
duration |
micro gams/m3 |
part/million |
duration |
||||
|
|
long term |
|
|
short term |
|
||||
Greenhouse gas sectors of production |
Gas Common Diffusive Properties |
|||||||||
transport |
0.14 |
|
Diffusion |
|
Viscosity |
Atmospher |
|
|||
solid waste |
0.04 |
|
air |
water20°C |
H: Henry's coef |
parte per millons |
|
|||
agriculture |
0.14 |
|
(Dx106 m2/s) |
|
|
|
|
|||
deforestation |
0.18 |
chlorin |
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|||
energy |
0.25 |
acetone |
|
0.31 |
|
|
||||
industry |
0.14 |
acetic acid |
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|||
other |
0.13 |
liquid water |
|
|
0.89 |
|
|
|||
CO2 Sources (France 2006) |
amonia |
17 |
1.8 |
|
|
|
||||
transport |
0.264 |
dioxid carbon |
13.8 |
1.8 |
H = 1.07 |
354 |
increas. 0.4% /year |
|||
manu- facture |
0.199 |
hydro geno |
61.1 |
5.3 |
|
|
|
|||
agri- culture |
0.192 |
nitrogen |
13.6 |
1.9 |
H = 60.4 |
780840 |
|
|||
tertiary, resi- dences |
0.187 |
nitrogen oxids |
|
|
|
0.5 |
increase |
|||
industry energy |
0.133 |
oxigen |
17.9 |
2.1 |
H = 30.7 |
209460 |
|
|||
waste treatment |
0.025 |
benzene |
7.7 |
|
0.6 |
|
|
|||
|
|
ethylalcohol |
10.2 |
|
1.07 |
|
|
|||
|
|
methane |
|
|
|
1.6 |
incras. 1 % /year |
|||
|
|
methyl-alcohol |
13.3 |
|
0.54 |
|
|
|||
|
|
dioxid sulfur |
10.3 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
tiroxid sulfur |
9.4 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
water vapor |
21.9 |
|
|
variable |
|
|||
invariants |
Atmospheric normal Composition |
variables |
Factors on Earth Climate Provisioned Effect (positive value is more warming) |
|||||||
nitrogen |
0.78 |
vapor water |
0.001-0.05 |
origin |
W / m2 |
origin |
W / m2 |
|||
oxigen |
0.21 |
carbon dioxide |
0.0003500 |
CO2 |
1.8 |
ashes |
0.8 |
|||
argon |
0.01 |
ozone |
0.0000001 |
CH4 |
0.6 |
Sun |
0.4 |
|||
neon |
0.0000200 |
other gases |
traces |
CFC |
0.3 |
reflecting aerosols |
- 1.7 |
|||
others |
0.0000100 |
normal partic.: |
traces |
NOx |
0.3 |
indirect (clouds) |
- 1.0 |
|||
|
|
|
|
tropospheric O3 |
0.4 |
vegetation cover |
- 0.3 |
|||