Tropical Hardwood: Ranking of cracking, warping, erosion rate, and volumetric swelling (South America)

Cracking

Warping

Erosion raw (μm/1,000 h)

Swelling (%)

Burmese teak

10

Burmese teak

8

Astronium

14

Amburana

4.0

Plantation teak

10

Plantation teak

8

Diplotropis

18

Burmese teak

4.4

Anade -nanthera

8

Anadenanthera

8

Guibourtia

21

Plantation teak

5.0

Aspidosperma

8

Tabebuia

8

Anadenanthera

24

Aspidosperma

5.7

Tabebuia

8

Aspidosperma

7

Schinopsis

26

Guibourtia

5.8

Diplotropis

8

Schinopsis

7

Caesalpinia

29

Schinopsis

6.6

Schinopsis

7

Phyllostylon

5

Phyllostylon

44

Astronium

6.9

Astronium

6

Amburana

4

Amburana

54

Tabebuia

7.1

Amburana

6

Astronium

3

Tabebuia

67

Phyllostylon

7.0

Caesalpinia

3

Caesalpinia

3

Burmese teak

71

Anadenanthera

7.3

Guibourtia

2

Guibourtia

2

Plantation teak

71

Caesalpinia

7.9

Phyllostylon

1

Dipiotropis

1

Aspidosperma

81

Diplotropis

7.0

Hard Wood Physical properties

Species

Density (kg/m3)

Erosion

Color (heartwood)

Anatomical properties

I

II

III

IV

V

Amburana cearensis

640

54

Lt. brown

n

n

l

y

t-th

Anadenanthera macrocarpa

1,050

24

Dk. reddish brown

n

n

m

n

th-vt

Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon

730

81

Med. reddish tan

n

n

s

n

th

Astronium urundeuva

1,200

14

Dk. reddish brown

n

y

m

n

th-vt

Caesalpinia

980

29

Dk. brown

n

n

m

n

th

Diplotropis purpurea

910

18

Dk. brown

n

n

l

y

th

Guibourtia chodatiana

950

21

Med. reddish brown

n

n

m

n

th

Phyllostylon rhamnoides

990

44

Lt. yellowish tan

n

n

s

n

th

Schinopsis

1,170

26

Dk. reddish brown

n

y

m

n

th-vt

Tabebuia

960

67

Dk. greenish brown

n

n

s

n

th-vt

Eucalyptus marginata

910

35

Dk. brownish red

n

y

1

n

th

Teak (native)

640

71

Lt. golden brown

y

y/n

m-l

n

t-th

Teak (plantation)

730

71

Lt. golden brown

y

y/n

m-l

n

t-th

Volume and mass were measured at 65% RH (27°C), which corresponds to 12% EMC

Labels for columns are as follows: I. Ring or semi-ring porous (n = no, y = yes); II. Tyloses in vessels (n = no, y = yes); III. Vessel size [s, small (>80 μm): m, medium (80-150 μm); l, large (>150 μm)] IV Axial parenchyma abundant around vessels (n = no, y = yes); V. Thickness of fiber walls (t, thin; th, thick; vt, very thick)