Wastewaters treatment options in small populations |
Well Costs |
Day home water needs during dry season |
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waters residual collection |
Sewer pressure without pump |
Well drill & installation cost |
565.94 |
hour |
purpose |
litres |
proportion |
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Sewer with pressure triturating pump |
well equipment |
113.19 |
7 am |
Washing up face & body part |
5 |
0.07 |
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Sewer small diameter & variable slope |
Material |
|
8 |
Prepare breakfasr |
6 |
0.09 |
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Sewer & vacuum movement |
screen |
181.1 |
9 |
Wash dishes |
8 |
0.11 |
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preliminary treatment |
gross filtering |
box frame |
40.75 |
10 |
Prepare lunch |
10 |
0.14 |
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fine filtering |
sand |
90.55 |
11 |
Cleaning house |
5 |
0.07 |
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sand removal |
bentonite |
45.28 |
12 noon |
Drinking |
3 |
0.04 |
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Oils & fats removal |
Inspection |
|
1 pm |
Wash dishes |
7 |
0.1 |
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primary treatment |
septic tanks |
work |
226.38 |
2 |
Cleaning house |
2 |
0.03 |
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Imhof tanks |
travel |
according distance |
3 |
Washing clothes |
5 |
0.07 |
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Rotative disks filters |
direct |
2263.78 |
5 |
Prepare dinner |
7 |
0.1 |
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primary advanced |
Septic tank bed filtering effluants |
various |
|
7 |
Drinking |
3 |
0.4 |
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Septic tank reactor bacterial adherence |
Moving (1x) |
2263.78 |
8 |
Washing body |
6 |
0.09 |
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Biochemical reaction |
contingency |
0.1 prop |
9 |
tea/coffe |
3 |
0.04 |
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secundary treatment |
aerobic biological treatment |
administration |
0.15 proportion |
|
Total |
70 |
1 |
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aerobic /anaerobic digestion |
Legal |
0.1 ratio cost/cap |
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Working criteria for tapstands |
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Sand filtering intermediate flow |
advanced or tertiary treatment |
soil treatment |
sanitary dump |
Flow of standard 3/4" under 10m pressure |
0.2- 0.3 l/sec |
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gravel filtering & recycling |
Bed filtertion with recycling |
green area irrigation |
Flow from Talbot tap under 5 m pressure |
0.1 - 0.2 l/sec |
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mud filtering |
fast filtration |
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Maximum number of people per tap |
150 |
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lagoons |
artificial wetland |
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Distance between 2 tapstands |
250 m |
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artificial wetland |
Disinfection chlorine UV rays |
Stock |
Tank reservoir |
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aquatic treatment |
repurification |
Under ground tanks |
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Comparison of benefits and impacts of alternative water uses in agriculture |
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Water Use |
Quantity thresholds |
Private benefits of high quality water |
Social benefits of high quality water |
Benefits of temporal continuity |
Benefits of temporal certainty |
Impacts on water transitions (may translate into an externality) |
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Home |
30l/p.day |
Very high |
High |
Very high |
Very high |
Low quantity; medium quality within farm |
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Garden |
20 - 50l |
High |
Medium |
High |
Very high |
Low quantity |
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Commercial horticulture. |
Related to technology |
Medium |
High |
Medium |
High |
Depends on magnitude, high quality impact through pesticides; maybe high on establishment on riverine areas or hillsides |
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Intensive livestock |
High and lumpy, depends on animal & intensity |
Medium- High. |
Medium for milk, lower for meat and manure |
High |
High |
Potential farm resources (manure); potential pollution |
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Rainfed cereals |
Depends on crops & water conservation |
Low |
Low |
Medium within season |
Medium within season |
erosion effects depend on location & mgt, maybe fert or chem. pollution |
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Irrigated cereals |
Depends upon limits of rainfed agr. |
Medium low |
Medium low |
High within season |
Medium within season |
Erosion low if on flat land; maybe sig. fert or chemical pollution |
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Perennial cash crops (coffee, tea, bananas, pineapples) |
Depends upon limits of rainfed agr. |
Medium low |
Medium low |
Low |
Medium |
Highly variable depending on phase, crop, mgt, |
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Timber trees |
Some for nursery |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Can act as nutrient & pollution sponges, reduce water availability, maybe concern about weediness |
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Fish |
May be added to existing water storage or channel |
high |
high |
high |
Very high |
Low in production at most viable scales in uplands; maybe high in establishment on wetlands |
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Important non agriculture |
variable |
variable |
variable |
variable |
variable |
variable |
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Costs US $ 2009 from start 60' |
Rural community water |
ratio inhabitant |
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preparatory works |
2071 |
2144 |
1908 |
2289 |
average population /village |
300 - 500 |
1 |
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catch |
480 |
945 |
1562 |
1875 |
wells / villages |
0.5 - 2 |
0.0013 |
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pumping station |
2790 |
3604 |
4360 |
5232 |
kms network average around well |
3 |
0.29672 |
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pumps |
9069 |
12586 |
16350 |
19620 |
wells made 1 drill |
15 |
|
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upway duct |
8110 |
11220 |
14533 |
17440 |
fountain |
27 |
0.00007 |
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tank |
4643 |
7456 |
10900 |
13080 |
tank are supplied by n well |
3 |
0.00006 |
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distribution system |
26095 |
37380 |
49958 |
59950 |
pumps equipment of well |
1.3 |
0.00014 |
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water take |
1243 |
1918 |
2725 |
3270 |
average cost of waterpoint |
39649 |
0.00030 |
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site construction |
2071 |
2398 |
2543 |
3052 |
|
|
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transport |
6366 |
9694 |
13625 |
16350 |
|
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|
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general spendings |
18879 |
24939 |
30883 |
37060 |
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|
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all |
81815 |
114283 |
149348 |
179218 |
|
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cost per inhabitant |
40.91 |
57.14 |
29.87 |
35.84 |
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