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Common roads for european vehicles |
roads for safety or northamericans vehicles |
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|
highway |
road |
high traffic |
low traffic |
highway |
road |
high traffic |
low traffic |
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speed limits |
120 |
100 |
80 |
80 |
120 |
100 |
80 |
80 |
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cyclists |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
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small engines |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
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common traffic |
no |
variable |
yes |
yes |
no |
variable |
yes |
yes |
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crossings |
no |
yes |
yes |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
yes |
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with central way |
7.95-8.35 |
6.75 |
6.75 |
4.5 - 5.5 |
8.45 |
6.85 |
6.8 |
5.5 |
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width way lateral |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.75 |
3.5 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
2.85 |
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width marks |
0.15 - 0.20 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
spec. |
0.2 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
spec. |
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width lateral side |
0.6-1.1 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
spec. |
1.1 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
spec. |
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with emergency way |
3.5 - 4 |
np |
np |
spec. |
4 |
nd |
nd |
spec. |
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lines |
yes |
yes |
yes |
spec. |
yes |
yes |
yes |
spec. |
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pathways line number |
2 x 2 |
2x2 - 1x2 |
1x2 |
1 |
2 x 2 |
1x2 |
1x2 |
1 |
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spacebetween ground marks |
0.1-0.15 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
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central marks |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
3 - 9 |
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cyclists way width |
np |
np |
variable |
1.25 |
nd |
nd |
nd |
1.25 |
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Roads hierarchy and width dimension European case (smaller cars & lorries) |
Typical friction coefficients |
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|
width min. m |
pavement |
parking |
2 ways |
3 ways |
4 ways |
material |
|
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regional, mains roads |
15 |
avoid |
each .. km |
avoid |
avoid |
prefer |
metal on metal |
0.15-0.2 |
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secondary roads |
9.5 |
si |
eventually |
yes |
eventual |
avoid |
mason./ masonery |
0.6-0.7 |
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Primary avenues |
13 |
eventually |
eventually |
avoid |
eventual |
prefer |
metal/masonery |
0.3-0.7 |
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Streets |
14 |
yes |
yes |
yes |
eventual |
2 lines of trees |
metal/wood |
0.2-0.6 |
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pavement |
0.6 |
0.6 |
eventually |
x 2 |
x 2 |
avoid |
wood/wood |
0.25-0.5 |
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protected central way |
variable |
eventually |
eventually |
nd |
nd |
yes |
gum/concrete |
0.5-0.9 |
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margin, lateral side |
after vehicule |
separated |
2.4 |
2.7 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
|
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lateral way |
1.8 |
yes |
yes |
nd |
x 2 |
x 2 |
|
|
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central way |
3 |
no |
no |
avoid |
3.3 |
separate |
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total minimum withou lateral side |
23 |
27 |
30 |
|
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total minimum with lateral sides |
33 |
42 |
46 |
|
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Roads layers |
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|
Central ways |
(slope 2%) |
Lateral sides borders |
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traffic |
subbase |
base |
intermediate layer |
running layer |
subbase |
base |
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heavywieght/highway |
soil concrete |
gravel concrete |
bitumen mix |
bitumen mix |
natural sides |
soil concrete |
|
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|
20 cms |
22 cms |
9 cms |
5 cms |
35 cms |
20 cms |
|
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Intermediate |
natural sides |
artificial sides |
bitumen mix |
bitumen mix |
natural sides |
double superficial treatment |
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|
25 cms |
25 cms |
12 cms |
6 cms |
25 cms |
6cms |
|
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low |
natural sides |
macadam |
double superficial treatment |
natural sides |
natural sides |
|
|
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|
25 cms |
20 cms |
6 cms |
25 cms |
20 cms |
|
|
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road concrete layers |
|
|
|
(slope 2%) |
|
|
|
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Traffic |
subbase |
base |
intermediate layer |
|
subbase |
base |
double superficial treatment |
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heavywieght/highway |
natural sides |
gravel concrete |
concrete |
|
natural sides |
bitumen mix |
|
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|
20 cms |
15 cms |
23 to 27 cms |
|
35 cms |
27 cms |
|
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Intermediate |
gravel concrete |
concrete |
|
concrete |
natural sides |
lateral drains |
double superficial treatment |
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|
15 cms |
23 cms |
|
27 cms |
15 cms |
23 cms |
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low |
|
|
|
concrete |
natural sides |
|
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|
|
|
|
20 cms |
20 cms |
|
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Road design maximum curves friction & maximum radius of road |
Roads Loads and speed design |
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speed (km/h) |
curvature m/m |
Friction coef |
minimum radius |
maximum curvature degree |
Flows |
minimum |
maximum |
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48 |
0.06 |
0.22 |
83 |
7 |
vehicules /day |
200 |
|
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80 |
0.06 |
0.2 |
254 |
2.5 |
load/way (ton) |
10.5 |
|
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112 |
0.06 |
0.18 |
553 |
1 |
design for speed (km/h) |
30 |
|
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48 |
0.12 |
0.28 |
65 |
9 |
speed of use (km/h) |
|
20 |
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80 |
0.12 |
0.26 |
195 |
3 |
|
|
|
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112 |
0.12 |
0.24 |
415 |
1.5 |
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Streets Public Light |
Roads minimum visibility distance (m) |
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road type |
height |
power (watts) |
starting light flow (lumen) |
Speed (km/h) |
48 |
80 |
112 |
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Main access road A |
30 m |
150 |
≥ |
Distance visibility when not moving |
61 |
107 |
183 |
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Main access road B |
24 |
150 |
≥ |
2 ways ahead visibility distance |
244 |
518 |
700 |
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roadways & bridge central way, duct |
24 |
150 |
≥ |
|
embankment |
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via secund D |
18 |
200 |
≥ |
bank foundation or land fill |
0 - 1.5 |
4 a 1 |
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via secund E |
18 |
400 |
≥ |
intern roadways |
1.5 - 3 |
3 a 1 |
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industrial plant roas |
> 3 m |
2 a 1 |
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